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Understanding "megapixels" and "DPI"

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14 years 10 months ago - 14 years 10 months ago #4891 by David K. Smith
Understanding "megapixels" and "DPI" was created by David K. Smith
"X megapixels" defines the resolution of a camera. It is not related to DPI. These terms are often confused because many people, including some so-called professionals, don't understand what they're talking about. (I've even seen software that used terms incorrectly.)

Camera resolution is the total number of pixels (picture elements) in the image sensor. Since the aspect ratio (height vs. width) of virtually every camera is the same, a single number can be used to represent the camera's resolution. For example, an 8 megapixel sensor has 2448 x 3264 pixels.

The actual resolution of an image taken by a camera can vary depending on the image quality setting that's used (e.g., "low," "fine" or "superfine" ). Different resolutions are provided to adjust the image to suit different applications, which is usually a function of the most convenient file size. However, it's a good idea to always leave the camera set to its highest-quality setting. You may not always know in advance how an image may be used, and you may find yourself wanting to print an enlargement of a lower-quality image. Also, it's all too easy to forget to change the resolution back after setting it lower. Use software to reduce image resolution instead of the camera to avoid disappointment.

DPI stands for "dots per inch" and it defines the resolution of a printed image. Like a camera, a printer will have a maximum resolution specification; for example, 600 DPI. As it is for photography, printing resolution can vary depending on the setting used when printing, and you will often see words to define the resolution instead of the actual DPI, e.g. "draft," "standard" or "photo" quality (this is done so that the same software can be used with different printers).

300 DPI is frequently cited as a typical minimum printing resolution for photo-quality images, although there is no rule governing this; it is an arbitrary number. At 300 DPI, an 8 megapixel image printed with no enlargement or reduction (printing at "native" resolution) would be about 8 x 10 inches. This is why an 8 megapixel camera is sometimes called a "professional resolution" camera, although this is really more marketing hype than truth; that said, an 8 megapixel camera is outstanding for just about any typical photography application.

So, simple rule:
megapixels = camera resolution
dpi = printer resolution

(All of this gets even more confusing when you start talking about computer or TV display resolution; this is a topic for another day.)

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14 years 10 months ago #4892 by TerryH
Replied by TerryH on topic Re:Understanding "megapixels" and "DPI"
David, very good explanation. I couldn't find the words to express it properly. Thanks for your feedback.

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14 years 10 months ago #4893 by Fred
Replied by Fred on topic Re:Understanding "megapixels" and "DPI"
Thanks David. I guess this camera is ok for sending pictures to a national magazine. I'll burn a CD so there is not the intermeadeary printing.
Is this ok.
I appreciate your comeback.
Fred

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14 years 10 months ago #4896 by David K. Smith
Replied by David K. Smith on topic Re:Understanding "megapixels" and "DPI"
An 8 megapixel camera set on highest quality is perfectly adequate for magazine publication. Burning the original image files from the camera to a CD is a perfect way to transfer the images to the publisher.

For even better quality, check the camera documentation for instructions on how to store RAW files. These will be very large image files because they are uncompressed (JPEG images, even on highest quality setting, are always compressed). Most good cameras provide the option to store RAW files.

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12 years 8 months ago #11343 by Fred
Replied by Fred on topic Re:Understanding "megapixels" and "DPI"
This is a good thread to bring up on Home Page every once in a while. I'm still a bit confused but I was born that way!! I was searching for the ZCS thread about ZCS, bugs, etc etc and found this thread. My question: Why,in the media Photo section, can some fotos be enlarged and others can NOT. Before I post on ZCS I reduce foto size to large web... could they be bigger and add clarity? the circle with a rectangle indicates enlarging foto... sometimes works- others not so much. The magnifying glass also serves the same function?? there are both on many pics. And then if you click on the picture-- some enlarge and others don't. It's odd because some of my pictures enlarge while others do not- and they all are web large. I'm sure I'm way behind in the learning computer curve. The last time I learned anything is when I invented fire and burned down my cave.
Maybe there is an easier way to "surf" and navigate the forum postings.
What does a red thumbtack mean?? Topic is sticky.. Are there others like green, purple, and Salmon???
What other Icons are used.
Just wandering and wondering.
Fred

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12 years 8 months ago #11344 by stonysmith
Replied by stonysmith on topic Of Pixels and Bytes
Fred wrote:

Why,in the media Photo section, can some fotos be enlarged and others can not?
Fred


Fred.. thank you for keeping us on our toes. And, before I get too deep into this.. remember "you asked". :) Warning: Technical Description(s) below.

The enlarging option has directly to do with how big the photo was when it was uploaded. To confuse the subject slightly.. is there are two size measurements... FILE size (in megabytes) and IMAGE size (in pixels).

If you had a picture that was 1024x1024 pixels, then that would be 1 megapixel, and at three bytes per pixel, the uncompressed picture woudld be 3 megabytes. Because JPG (jpeg) format is compressed, you will find that such images are usually much smaller than 3mb, depending upon the level of compression. Often, such pictures at 1024x1024 compress nicely down to about 0.5 megabytes with very little loss of clarity.

At ZCS, we have decided upon a current limit of ONE megabyte per (original) picture. That is not (directly) a limit on the number of pixels.. it's a limit of the number of bytes of disk space that have to be paid for each month. [note: on that subject.. we're doing fine on space.. we could currently handle somewhere around another 30,000 pictures, so please.. share!]

Now, to answer your question about enlarging:

In the gallery, there are three copies of every photo. There is the original, untouched image, the "normal view", and the thumbnail. When you upload a photo, it is stored without alteration in a folder of original photos. If the photo is over 800 pixels wide or tall, it is then shrunk down to a maximum of 800 pixels for the "normal" view. If the original photo is not that large, then it is just copied over as the "normal" view. A third copy of the picture is shrunk down to a maximum of 96 pixels wide (or tall) for the thumbnail photo.. that's why some thumbnails have blank space either above or beside them.

In the Gallery View, the "Normal" copy of the photo is shown, so it is at a maximum of 800 pixels wide (or tall). If you click on the magnifying glass, the webpage tries to display the original photo. If there is no magnifying glass shown, then you're seeing the photo at it's full size already.

Another issue with the "zoomed photo viewer" is.. it tries to display the photo to fit wihin your web browser window. Unfortunately, in certain cases that actually causes it to SHRINK the photo.

Here's a tip: right click the magnifying glass, and select "View link in new window". You'll get the full-size original image.

So.. to really answer your question "Why no enlargement" ... it 100% has to do with how large the photo was when it was uploaded to us.

Small tip for Fred: Your images would look a bit crisper if you could upload them at about double the size you are currently using. I don't know what software you're using, but the "large web" size is actually a bit small for what we can handle. if you can PICK a size.. shoot for that 1024pix size in max width or height.. those should look nice.

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12 years 8 months ago #11345 by tealplanes
Replied by tealplanes on topic Re: Of Pixels and Bytes
stonysmith wrote:

Fred wrote:

Why,in the media Photo section, can some fotos be enlarged and others can not?
Fred


Fred.. thank you for keeping us on our toes. And, before I get too deep into this.. remember "you asked". :) Warning: Technical Description(s) below.


You were right Stony......it was so technical, I got a head ache reading it and fell off my chair. Now I have a large bruise on my forehead and a black eye...........and I still don't understand it.

I'm going to stick with using a re railer to put my cars on the track and consider it a good day.... :laugh:

Loren

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